Amlodipine

Generic name: amlodipine [ am-LOE-di-peen ]
Brand names: Katerzia, Norliqva, Norvasc

Drug class: Calcium channel blocker

Dosage form: Tablet, Extended-Release Tablet

Route of administration: Oral

Dose: oral liquid (1 mg/mL), oral suspension (1 mg/mL), oral tablet (10 mg; 2.5 mg; 5 mg)

Mechanism of action: Amlodipine works by relaxing the smooth muscles of the arterial wall and dilating the arteries, thus lowering blood pressure and improving the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart.

Drug usage cases: Amlodipine is primarily used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure) and angina (chest pain), either alone or with other medications. It is effective in reducing the risk of hospitalization due to angina and in reducing the risk of a heart attack.

Drug contra indications: Contraindicated in patients with known sensitivity to dihydropyridines (the chemical family of amlodipine), severe hypotension, shock (including cardiogenic shock), or obstruction of the outflow tract of the left ventricle (such as aortic stenosis).

Side effects: Some of the significant side effects include swelling (edema), headache, fatigue, palpitations, and dizziness. Less common side effects may include abdominal pain, nausea, and flushing.

Warnings: Patients should be cautioned about operating heavy machinery or driving until they are certain that amlodipine does not affect their ability to perform such activities. Also, abrupt discontinuation should be avoided as it can lead to a rapid increase in blood pressure.

Use during pregnancy or breastfeeding: Amlodipine should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. It is unknown if amlodipine is excreted in breast milk; however, other medications in this class are, so caution is advised when using it while breastfeeding.

Amlodipine is a well-studied medication used commonly in the treatment of hypertension and angina. It is well-tolerated in a wide range of patients, including those with asthma, diabetes, and renal impairment. However, like all medications, it must be used carefully under the guidance of a healthcare provider to minimize risks and maximize its therapeutic benefits.