Albuterol Oral Solution

Generic name: Albuterol

Drug class: Beta-2 adrenergic agonist

Dosage form: Oral solution

Root of administration: Oral

Dose:

• Adults and children ≥12 years: 2 mg (1 mL) 3 to 4 times daily
• Children 2 to 12 years: 1 mg (0.5 mL) 3 to 4 times daily
• Children 2 to 6 years: 0.1 mg/kg (maximum 2 mg) 3 to 4 times daily

Mechanism of action: Albuterol stimulates beta-2 adrenergic receptors in the smooth muscle of the airways, leading to bronchodilation and relief of bronchospasm.

Drug usage cases:

• Acute bronchospasm in asthma
• Exercise-induced bronchospasm prophylaxis
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations
• Off-label: Acute bronchospasm in other obstructive airway diseases

Drug contra indications:

• Hypersensitivity to albuterol or any component of the formulation
• Severe hypersensitivity to milk proteins (due to lactose content)

Side effects:

• Tachycardia
• Palpitations
• Tremor
• Headache
• Dizziness
• Insomnia
• Muscle cramps
• Throat irritation
• Dry mouth
• Hypokalemia
• Hyperglycemia

Warnings:

• Use with caution in patients with cardiovascular disorders, including arrhythmias, coronary artery disease, and hypertension
• Monitor for paradoxical bronchospasm; if occurs, discontinue and seek medical attention
• Use with caution in patients with hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus, or seizure disorders
• May cause hypokalemia; monitor potassium levels, especially in patients on diuretics or with renal impairment
• May cause hyperglycemia; monitor blood glucose levels in diabetic patients
• Not intended for use as a primary treatment for acute asthma attacks; use a short-acting inhaled beta-agonist for immediate relief

Use during pregnancy or breastfeeding:

Pregnancy: Albuterol is classified as a Category C drug by the FDA. Animal studies have shown adverse effects on the fetus, but there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Albuterol should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

Breastfeeding: Albuterol is excreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when administering albuterol to a nursing woman, as the effects on a nursing infant are unknown. The decision to continue breastfeeding or discontinue the drug should be made based on the importance of the drug to the mother.