Amiodarone

Generic name: amiodarone [ A-mi-OH-da-rone ]
Brand name: Pacerone

Drug class: Antiarrhythmic (Class III)

Dosage form: Tablet, Injectable solution

Route of administration: Oral, Intravenous

Available Dose:

• Tablets: 100 mg, 200 mg, 400 mg
• Injectable solution: Typically 150 mg/3 mL

Mechanism of action: Amiodarone works by prolonging the phase 3 of the cardiac action potential, thus slowing the heart rate and increasing the duration of action potential and refractory period in myocardial tissue. This action stabilizes cardiac rhythms.

Drug usage cases: Amiodarone is primarily used to treat and prevent various types of serious, life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, such as ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. It is often used when other medications are not effective or cannot be used.

Drug contra indications: Contraindicated in patients with severe sinus-node dysfunction, causing symptomatic bradycardia; in cases of second- or third-degree atrioventricular block; and in those with hypersensitivity to amiodarone or iodine.

Side effects: Common side effects include corneal microdeposits, photosensitivity, and gastrointestinal disturbances. Serious side effects may include thyroid disorders, pulmonary toxicity, liver toxicity, and skin discoloration.

Warnings: Monitoring for lung, liver, and thyroid function is recommended during amiodarone therapy. The drug has a long half-life and can interact with many other medications. It is advised to avoid exposure to sunlight due to the risk of photosensitivity.

Use during pregnancy or breastfeeding: Amiodarone is classified under FDA pregnancy category D, indicating there is positive evidence of human fetal risk, but the benefits from use in pregnant women may be acceptable despite the risk. It is known to pass into breast milk, so it is advised to avoid during breastfeeding unless absolutely necessary.

Amiodarone is an effective medication for severe rhythm disorders, especially when other treatments are ineffective or contraindicated. However, due to its potential for serious side effects, it requires careful monitoring and management by healthcare professionals.