Ascriptin

Generic name:

Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid)

Drug class:

Salicylate nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)

Dosage form:

Tablet (immediate-release, buffered, enteric-coated)

Root of administration:

Oral

Dose:

Typical adult analgesic/antipyretic: 325–650 mg every 4–6 hours as needed (maximum 4 g/day); cardiovascular prophylaxis: 75–325 mg once daily; varies by indication; consult label.

Mechanism of action:

Aspirin irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 enzymes, blocking prostaglandin and thromboxane A2 synthesis, resulting in analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and antiplatelet effects.

Drug usage cases:

• Analgesia: mild to moderate pain (headache, musculoskeletal pain, dental pain)
• Antipyretic: fever reduction
• Anti-inflammatory: rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, inflammatory conditions
• Antiplatelet: primary and secondary prevention of myocardial infarction and stroke
• Acute coronary syndrome management
• Off-label: Kawasaki disease, pericarditis, prophylaxis in certain colorectal cancer screenings

Drug contra indications:

• Hypersensitivity to aspirin or other NSAIDs
• Active peptic ulcer disease or gastrointestinal bleeding
• History of aspirin-induced asthma or urticaria
• Hemorrhagic diathesis or bleeding disorders
• Children and teenagers with viral infections (Reye’s syndrome risk)
• Severe hepatic or renal impairment
• Last trimester of pregnancy

Side effects:

• Gastrointestinal: dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting, gastric ulceration, GI bleeding
• Bleeding: increased risk of hemorrhage, prolonged bleeding time
• Hypersensitivity: rash, urticaria, bronchospasm, anaphylaxis
• Renal: impaired renal function, interstitial nephritis
• CNS: tinnitus, vertigo
• Hematologic: thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, anemia
• Hepatic: elevated liver enzymes, hepatotoxicity
• Reye’s syndrome in pediatric viral illness

Warnings:

• Risk of serious GI bleeding, ulceration, and perforation; use lowest effective dose and consider gastroprotection
• Use with caution in patients with asthma or nasal polyps
• Monitor renal and hepatic function during long-term use
• May increase risk of bleeding; avoid concurrent anticoagulants or corticosteroids unless necessary
• Avoid alcohol to reduce GI toxicity
• May exacerbate hypertension and heart failure
• Discontinue before surgeries or invasive procedures

Use during pregnancy or breastfeeding:

Pregnancy: crosses placenta; may cause fetal harm, risk of premature closure of ductus arteriosus, pulmonary hypertension, oligohydramnios; avoid in third trimester; use only if benefits justify risk. Breastfeeding: excreted in breast milk; low infant exposure but risk of bleeding; use with caution and monitor infant.