Atorvastatin

Generic name: atorvastatin [ a-TOR-va-sta-tin ]
Brand names: Atorvaliq, Lipitor

Drug class: Statin (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor)

Dosage form: Tablet

Route of administration: Oral

Available Dose:

• Tablets: 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg, 80 mg
• Suspension: 20 mg/5 mL

Mechanism of action: Atorvastatin inhibits the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, which plays a central role in the production of cholesterol in the liver. This inhibition leads to decreased cholesterol levels, particularly low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and is associated with an increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and a reduction in triglycerides.

Drug usage cases: Atorvastatin is primarily used to lower blood cholesterol levels in cases of primary hypercholesterolemia, heterozygous and homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, and mixed dyslipidemia. It is also used to reduce the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, revascularization procedures, and angina in patients with multiple risk factors for heart disease, such as hypertension, smoking, or diabetes.

Drug contra indications: Contraindicated in patients with active liver disease, unexplained persistent elevations in hepatic transaminase levels, and in patients with hypersensitivity to any component of the medication. It should not be used during pregnancy and lactation due to the potential for fetal harm.

Side effects: Common side effects include nasopharyngitis, arthralgia, diarrhea, pain in extremity, and urinary tract infection. Serious side effects may include myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, liver enzyme abnormalities, and immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy.

Warnings: Patients should be advised to report promptly any unexplained muscle pain, tenderness, or weakness. Atorvastatin therapy should be temporarily suspended or discontinued if signs or symptoms of muscle injury occur. Liver enzyme tests should be performed before and during treatment to monitor for liver injury.

Use during pregnancy or breastfeeding: Atorvastatin is classified as FDA pregnancy category X and is contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding as it may lead to severe birth defects or fetal harm. Women of reproductive age should use effective birth control measures during treatment.

Atorvastatin is effective in improving lipid profiles and is one of the most commonly prescribed medications for managing cholesterol levels. It plays a significant role in the prevention of cardiovascular disease, particularly for individuals at high risk or with existing heart conditions.