Baclofen

Generic name: baclofen [ BAK-loe-fen ]
Brand names: Lioresal, Lioresal Intrathecal, Gablofen, FIRST Baclofen, Ozobax, Fleqsuvy, Lyvispah

Drug class: Muscle Relaxant, specifically a GABA_B receptor agonist

Dosage form: Tablet, Injectable solution (Intrathecal)

Route of administration: Oral, Intrathecal

Available Dose:

• Tablets: 5mg, 10 mg, 20 mg
• Granule: 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg
• Liquid: 5 mg/5 mL
• Injectable solution: Various concentrations for intrathecal administration

Mechanism of action: Baclofen acts on the central nervous system (CNS) to produce its muscle relaxant effects. It specifically binds to GABA_B receptors in the brain and spinal cord, leading to decreased excitatory neurotransmission, which in turn reduces muscle spasticity.

Drug usage cases: Baclofen is primarily used for the treatment of spasticity resulting from multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injuries, or other spinal cord diseases. It is also used off-label for the treatment of alcohol dependence and trigeminal neuralgia.

Drug contra indications: Contraindicated in patients who have had a hypersensitive reaction to baclofen. Use with caution in patients with renal impairment, seizure disorders, and those who require muscle tone for safe balance and movement during certain activities.

Side effects: Common side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, weakness, fatigue, headache, insomnia, nausea, and constipation. More serious side effects can include confusion, hallucinations, and respiratory depression.

Warnings: Abrupt discontinuation of baclofen, especially after long-term use, can lead to withdrawal symptoms such as seizures and hallucinations. Dosage should be reduced gradually under the supervision of a healthcare provider.

Use during pregnancy or breastfeeding: Baclofen is classified under FDA pregnancy category C, meaning risk to the fetus cannot be ruled out. It should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. It is not known whether baclofen is excreted in human breast milk; caution is advised when administered to breastfeeding women.

Baclofen is widely recognized for its effectiveness in reducing muscle spasticity, improving mobility and decreasing pain and discomfort associated with spasms. However, its use requires careful monitoring for side effects, especially when administered intrathecally.