Baricitinib

Generic name: baricitinib [ BAR-i-SYE-ti-nib ]
Brand name: Olumiant
Drug classes: Antirheumatics, Selective immunosuppressants

Dosage form: Tablet

Route of administration: Oral

Available Dose: Oral tablet (1 mg; 2 mg; 4 mg)

Mechanism of action: Baricitinib selectively inhibits Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) and JAK2, enzymes involved in the signaling pathway of various cytokines and growth factors that are important for hematopoiesis, inflammation, and immune function. This inhibition modulates the signaling pathway, leading to reduced inflammation and immune response.

Drug usage cases: Baricitinib is primarily used for the treatment of moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis in adults who have not responded well to one or more tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonist therapies. Additionally, it has shown efficacy in treating other conditions such as COVID-19 associated hospitalization or death, atopic dermatitis, and has been investigated for other inflammatory and autoimmune conditions.

Drug contra indications: Contraindicated in patients with active tuberculosis, serious infections, or known hypersensitivity to Baricitinib or any of its components.

Side effects: Common side effects include upper respiratory tract infections, nausea, headache, and increased cholesterol levels. Serious side effects may include serious infections, thrombosis, cancer, liver enzyme elevations, and decrease in blood cell counts.

Warnings: Patients should be screened for tuberculosis before starting treatment. Monitoring for signs and symptoms of infection, thrombosis, and changes in blood lipid levels is recommended during therapy. Use with caution in patients with a history of herpes zoster, hepatic impairment, or those at increased risk of gastrointestinal perforation.

Use during pregnancy or breastfeeding: The effects of Baricitinib on pregnancy and breastfeeding are not well-established. It should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Caution should be exercised when administering to nursing mothers.

Baricitinib represents a significant advancement in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory conditions, providing an alternative for patients who have not responded to traditional therapies. However, its use requires careful consideration of the potential risks and benefits, as well as ongoing monitoring for adverse effects.