Buspirone

Generic name: buspirone [ byoo-SPYE-rone ]
Brand names: BuSpar, BuSpar Dividose, Vanspar
Drug class: Miscellaneous anxiolytics, sedatives and hypnotics

Dosage form: Tablet

Route of administration: Oral

Available Dose:

• Tablets: Commonly available in 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, and 30 mg.

Mechanism of action: Buspirone primarily acts as a serotonin 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist, which helps to reduce anxiety. It also has some effects on dopamine receptors but does not exert the sedative, anticonvulsant, or muscle relaxant effects typical of other medications used to treat anxiety, like benzodiazepines.

Drug usage cases: Buspirone is primarily used for the management of anxiety disorders or the short-term relief of symptoms of anxiety with or without accompanying depression. It is particularly noted for not causing sedation or habit formation.

Drug contra indications: Contraindicated in patients with acute intoxication with alcohol, hypnotics, narcotics, or other psychoactive substances. It should not be used in conjunction with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs).

Side effects: Common side effects include dizziness, nausea, headache, nervousness, lightheadedness, and excitement. Unlike many other anxiolytics, buspirone does not cause sedation.

Warnings: The effect of buspirone may take a few weeks to become apparent. It is not useful for dealing with acute anxiety attacks. Patients should avoid large amounts of grapefruit juice as it can increase buspirone levels in the blood, potentially leading to side effects.

Use during pregnancy or breastfeeding: The safety of buspirone during pregnancy and breastfeeding has not been established. It should be used only if the potential benefits justify the potential risks to the fetus or infant.

Buspirone offers an alternative for those who need anxiolytic treatment without the sedation and dependency issues associated with other anti-anxiety medications. However, it requires time to become effective and consistent administration to maintain its anxiety-reducing effects.