Carbamazepine

Generic name: carbamazepine (oral) [ kar-ba-MAZ-e-peen ]
Brand names: Carbatrol, Epitol, Equetro, Tegretol, Tegretol XR

Drug class: Anticonvulsant

Dosage form: Tablet, Chewable tablet, Extended-release tablet, Suspension

Route of administration: Oral

Available Dose:

• Tablets: Commonly available in 200 mg and 400 mg.
• Chewable tablets: Typically available in 100 mg and 200 mg.
• Extended-release tablets: Usually available in 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, and 400 mg.
• Suspension: Often available as 100 mg/5 mL.

Mechanism of action: Carbamazepine stabilizes the inactive state of voltage-gated sodium channels, making fewer of these channels available to open, which helps to reduce neuronal firing and prevent seizure propagation. It also has effects on GABA receptors and glutamate release.

Drug usage cases: Carbamazepine is primarily used for the treatment of epilepsy and trigeminal neuralgia. It is also used in psychiatric disorders such as bipolar disorder and to alleviate certain types of neuropathic pain.

Drug contra indications: Contraindicated in patients with a history of bone marrow depression, hypersensitivity to tricyclic compounds, or in those taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs).

Side effects: Common side effects include dizziness, drowsiness, unsteadiness, nausea, and vomiting. Serious side effects can include blood disorders, severe skin reactions, liver problems, and increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior.

Warnings: Patients should be monitored for signs of adverse dermatologic reactions, changes in mood or behavior, and for hematologic abnormalities. Carbamazepine can interact with a wide range of drugs, altering their effectiveness or increasing side effects.

Use during pregnancy or breastfeeding: Carbamazepine is classified under FDA pregnancy category D. It has been associated with congenital malformations and should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefits justify the potential risks. It is excreted in breast milk and may affect a nursing infant.

Carbamazepine is an effective medication for controlling seizures and treating nerve pain, but it requires careful monitoring due to its potential for significant side effects and interactions with other medications.