Cetuximab

Generic name: cetuximab [ se-TUX-i-mab ]
Brand name: Erbitux

Drug class: Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Inhibitor

Dosage form: Injectable solution

Route of administration: Intravenous (IV)

Available Dose: intravenous solution (2 mg/mL)

Mechanism of action: Cetuximab is a monoclonal antibody that targets the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). By binding to EGFR, cetuximab blocks the phosphorylation and activation of receptor-associated kinases, resulting in inhibition of cell growth, induction of apoptosis, and decreased production of matrix metalloproteinases and vascular endothelial growth factors.

Drug usage cases: Cetuximab is used for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer with EGFR expression and for the treatment of head and neck cancers. It is typically used in combination with other chemotherapy agents or as a single agent in patients who are not candidates for chemotherapy.

Drug contra indications: Contraindicated in patients with severe hypersensitivity to cetuximab or other murine proteins.

Side effects: Common side effects include skin rash, pruritus (itching), nail changes, fatigue, nausea, and diarrhea. Infusion-related reactions can occur and may be severe. Other serious side effects can include low magnesium levels, lung toxicity, and heart attack.

Warnings: Patients should be monitored for signs of an infusion reaction during and for at least 1 hour after the administration of cetuximab. Electrolyte monitoring is also recommended due to the risk of hypomagnesemia.

Use during pregnancy or breastfeeding: Cetuximab should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. It is not known whether cetuximab is excreted in human milk; caution should be exercised when cetuximab is administered to a nursing woman.

Cetuximab has been a valuable addition to the treatment regimens for certain types of cancer, offering improved outcomes for many patients. However, its use requires careful consideration of the potential side effects and appropriate patient selection.