Enalapril

Drug Class: Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors.

Dosage Form: Tablet.

Route of Administration: Oral.

Dose: 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, and 20 mg.

Mechanism of Action: Enalapril inhibits the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), which is crucial for converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a substance that narrows blood vessels and causes hypertension. By blocking the formation of angiotensin II, enalapril helps to reduce blood pressure, increase the supply of oxygen and blood to the heart, and ease the heart’s workload.

Drug Usage Cases: It’s primarily used for treating high blood pressure (hypertension), heart failure, and in some cases, to improve survival after a heart attack. It can also be prescribed to prevent kidney failure due to high blood pressure and diabetes.

Drug Contraindications: Enalapril should not be used by patients with a history of angioedema related to previous ACE inhibitor treatment or those with hereditary or idiopathic angioedema. It’s also contraindicated in pregnancy, especially during the second and third trimesters, due to the risk of fetal harm.

Side Effects: Common side effects include cough, dizziness, headache, and fatigue. Serious side effects may include angioedema, kidney impairment, and elevated blood potassium levels.

Warnings: Enalapril can cause serious harm to an unborn baby if used during pregnancy, particularly in the second and third trimesters. It is recommended to discontinue enalapril as soon as pregnancy is detected.

Use During Pregnancy or Breastfeeding: Enalapril is not recommended during pregnancy due to the risk of fetal harm. There is insufficient data regarding the safety of enalapril during breastfeeding; thus, it’s advisable to discuss potential risks and benefits with a healthcare provider.