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Erythromycin
Generic name: erythromycin (oral/injection) [ er-ITH-roe-MYE-sin ]
Brand names: E.E.S. Granules, E.E.S.-200, E.E.S.-400 Filmtab, EryPed 200, EryPed 400, Ery-Tab, Erythrocin Lactobionate, Erythrocin Stearate Filmtab
Drug Class: Macrolide Antibiotic
Dosage Form:
- Tablets
- Oral Suspension
- Topical Gel/Cream/Ointment
- Ophthalmic Ointment
- Injectable Forms
Route of Administration: Oral, Topical, Ophthalmic, Intravenous
Dose:
- Tablets/Capsules: Typically available in 250 mg, 500 mg
- Oral Suspension: 200 mg/5 mL, 400 mg/5 mL
- Topical Gel/Cream/Ointment: Concentration varies
- Ophthalmic Ointment: Usually 0.5%
- Injectable Forms: Concentration and volume vary
Mechanism of Action: Erythromycin acts by inhibiting protein synthesis of bacteria by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit. This binding inhibits the translocation of peptides during translation, effectively preventing the growth of bacteria.
Drug Usage Cases: Erythromycin is used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections including respiratory tract infections, skin infections, sexually transmitted diseases, and infections of the eye. It’s also used for prophylaxis against rheumatic fever and to prevent bacterial endocarditis in patients allergic to penicillins.
Drug Contraindications: Contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to erythromycin or any macrolide antibiotic. Caution is advised in patients with liver disease or those taking drugs that can prolong the QT interval.
Side Effects: Common side effects include gastrointestinal upset, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Serious side effects may include hepatotoxicity, QT prolongation, and allergic reactions.
Warnings: Erythromycin should be used with caution in patients with liver disease and those taking other medications that can affect liver enzymes or prolong the QT interval. Monitoring of liver enzymes may be necessary in long-term use.
Use During Pregnancy or Breastfeeding: Erythromycin is classified under FDA Pregnancy Category B. Animal studies have not shown a risk to the fetus, but there are limited studies in pregnant women. Erythromycin passes into breast milk but is considered safe for use during breastfeeding.
