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Escitalopram
Pronunciation: EE-sye-TAL-o-pram
Generic name: escitalopram
Brand name: Lexapro
Drug Class: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI)
Dosage Form:
- Tablets
- Oral Solution
Route of Administration: Oral
Dose:
- Tablets: 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg
- Oral Solution: 1 mg/mL
Mechanism of Action: Escitalopram enhances the activity of serotonin in the brain. It selectively inhibits the reuptake of serotonin at the synaptic cleft, leading to increased serotonin levels in the central nervous system, which helps improve symptoms of depression and anxiety.
Drug Usage Cases: Escitalopram is used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). It may also be used for other conditions as determined by a healthcare provider.
Drug Contraindications: Contraindicated in patients taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) or those with a known hypersensitivity to escitalopram or citalopram. Caution is advised in patients with a history of bipolar disorder, seizure disorders, or at risk for sodium levels disturbances.
Side Effects: Common side effects include nausea, headache, trouble sleeping, and sexual dysfunction. Serious side effects may include increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior in young adults, serotonin syndrome, and hyponatremia.
Warnings: The risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors may increase in children, adolescents, and young adults taking antidepressants. Monitor for worsening and emergence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition, could occur with SSRI treatment, especially when used with other serotonergic drugs.
Use During Pregnancy or Breastfeeding: Escitalopram is classified under FDA Pregnancy Category C. There is a potential risk of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) when used during pregnancy. Decisions to use during pregnancy should consider the potential benefits and risks. Escitalopram is excreted in breast milk; caution should be exercised when administered to a nursing mother.
