Fluoride topical

Generic name:

Fluoride topical

Drug class:

Cariostatic agent; topical fluorides

Dosage form:

Gels, solutions, foams, varnishes, toothpaste, mouthrinse

Root of administration:

Topical oral

Dose:

Gels (1.1% NaF) applied once daily for 1–4 minutes; rinses (0.05% NaF) once daily or (0.2% NaF) twice weekly; varnish (5% NaF) applied every 3–6 months; toothpaste (1000–1500 ppm F) twice daily. Varies by indication; consult label.

Mechanism of action:

Fluoride ions enhance enamel remineralization by forming fluorapatite, inhibit demineralization, and reduce bacterial acid production by interfering with microbial glycolysis.

Drug usage cases:

• Prevention of dental caries in children and adults
• High caries risk patients
• Dentin hypersensitivity relief
• Enamel remineralization therapy
• Orthodontic patients to prevent white spot lesions
• Off-label: root caries management

Drug contra indications:

• Hypersensitivity to fluoride or formulation excipients
• Acute dental fluorosis
• Severe oral mucosal ulceration
• Children under 6 months (risk of ingestion)

Side effects:

• Dental fluorosis (chronic overexposure in children)
• Gastrointestinal irritation if swallowed (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)
• Oral mucosal irritation or ulceration
• Hypersensitivity reactions (rash, angioedema)
• Transient taste disturbances
• Acute fluoride toxicity (rare—muscle weakness, convulsions, cardiac arrhythmias)

Warnings:

• Avoid ingestion; supervise children during use
• Frequency and concentration vary by age and risk; follow label instructions
• Do not apply to areas of ulcerated mucosa or open wounds
• Use caution in patients with impaired renal function
• Risk of fluorosis with excessive ingestion in children
• Store out of reach of children

Use during pregnancy or breastfeeding:

Systemic absorption from topical use is minimal and topical fluoride is considered low risk during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Maintain recommended dental care; avoid excessive ingestion. Varies by indication; consult label.