Indapamide

Generic name: indapamide [ in-DAP-a-mide ]
Brand name: Lozol

Drug class: Thiazide-like diuretics

Dosage form: Tablet

Route of administration: Oral

Dose: Typically, 1.25 mg to 2.5 mg once daily.

Mechanism of action: Indapamide works by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney, leading to increased excretion of water and electrolytes. This diuretic effect helps reduce blood pressure and decrease fluid retention.

Drug usage cases: Indapamide is used primarily for the treatment of hypertension (high blood pressure) and edema (fluid retention) associated with heart failure.

Drug contra indications: Indapamide should not be used in individuals with hypersensitivity to sulfonamides, anuria (inability to urinate), or severe renal impairment. Caution is advised in patients with hepatic impairment, electrolyte imbalances, or diabetes.

Side effects: Common side effects include headache, dizziness, fatigue, and muscle cramps. Serious side effects may include:

• Electrolyte imbalance: Potential for hypokalemia, hyponatremia, and hypomagnesemia.
• Dehydration: Risk of significant fluid loss.
• Hyperglycemia: May increase blood sugar levels.
• Gout: Can exacerbate gout by increasing uric acid levels.

Warnings: Indapamide can cause significant electrolyte imbalances and dehydration. Regular monitoring of electrolyte levels and renal function is recommended. It may increase blood sugar levels, requiring careful monitoring in diabetic patients.

Use during pregnancy or breastfeeding: The safety of indapamide during pregnancy and breastfeeding is not well established. It should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed and if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Caution is advised when administered to breastfeeding mothers.