Losartan

Generic name: losartan [ loe-SAR-tan ]
Brand name: Cozaar

Drug class: Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)

Dosage form: Tablet

Route of administration: Oral

Dose: 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg

Mechanism of action: Losartan blocks the action of angiotensin II by binding to the AT1 receptor, preventing vasoconstriction and reducing aldosterone secretion, leading to decreased blood pressure and improved cardiovascular outcomes.

Drug usage cases: Losartan is used to treat hypertension, reduce the risk of stroke in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy, and treat diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension.

Drug contra indications: Losartan should not be used in patients with known hypersensitivity to the drug or any component of the formulation. It is also contraindicated in pregnant women due to the risk of fetal harm.

Side effects: Common side effects include dizziness, fatigue, and nasal congestion. Serious side effects may include:

• Hyperkalemia: Increased potassium levels in the blood.
• Hypotension: Excessively low blood pressure.
• Renal impairment: Potential for worsening kidney function.
• Angioedema: Swelling of the face, lips, tongue, and throat.

Warnings: Losartan can cause significant kidney and electrolyte disturbances. Blood pressure, renal function, and serum potassium levels should be monitored regularly. Patients should be advised to avoid potassium supplements and salt substitutes containing potassium.

Use during pregnancy or breastfeeding: Losartan is contraindicated during pregnancy due to the risk of fetal harm. It should be discontinued as soon as pregnancy is detected. It is unknown whether losartan is excreted in human milk, so caution should be exercised when administered to breastfeeding mothers.