Ondansetron

Generic name: ondansetron (oral) [ on-DAN-se-tron ]
Brand names: Zofran, Zofran ODT, Zuplenz
Drug Class: 5HT3 receptor antagonists

Dosage form: Tablet, Oral disintegrating tablet, Oral solution, Injectable

Route of administration: Oral, Intravenous

Available Dose:

• Tablets: 4 mg, 8 mg
• Oral solution: 4 mg/5 mL
• Injectable: 2 mg/mL, 32 mg/50 mL

Mechanism of action: Ondansetron is a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, blocking the action of serotonin both peripherally on vagal nerve terminals and centrally in the chemoreceptor trigger zone, thus preventing nausea and vomiting.

Drug usage cases: Ondansetron is used for the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery.

Drug contraindications: Contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to ondansetron or any of its components.

Side effects: Common side effects include headache, dizziness, constipation, and fatigue. Rarely, it may cause severe allergic reactions, QT prolongation, and serotonin syndrome.

Warnings: Caution is advised in patients with hepatic impairment. Ondansetron should be used with caution in patients with a history of QT prolongation or electrolyte imbalances.

Use during pregnancy or breastfeeding: Ondansetron is categorized as a pregnancy category B drug. It should only be used during pregnancy if needed. It is unknown if ondansetron or its metabolites are excreted in human milk; therefore, caution should be exercised when administered to breastfeeding women.