Temazepam

Generic name: temazepam [ te-MAZ-e-pam ]

Brand name: Restoril

Dosage form: Capsule

Drug class: Benzodiazepines

Route of administration: Oral

Dose: 7.5, 15, 22.5, 30 mg

Mechanism of action: Temazepam enhances the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, leading to sedative, hypnotic, anxiolytic, and muscle-relaxant effects. It acts by binding to benzodiazepine receptors on GABA-A receptors, which increases chloride influx, hyperpolarizing the neurons, and promoting sleep.

Drug usage cases: Temazepam is primarily used for the short-term treatment of insomnia, particularly in patients with difficulty falling asleep or frequent awakenings during the night. It helps improve sleep onset, duration, and quality.

Drug contraindications: Contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to temazepam or other benzodiazepines, as well as in patients with acute narrow-angle glaucoma, severe respiratory insufficiency, or sleep apnea.

Side effects: Common side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, fatigue, and headache. Serious side effects may include respiratory depression, confusion, and dependence, especially with prolonged use. Paradoxical reactions such as agitation or irritability may occur, particularly in elderly patients.

Warnings: Temazepam can cause physical and psychological dependence, especially when used for extended periods. It should only be used for short-term treatment (usually 7 to 10 days). Caution is advised in patients with a history of substance abuse, respiratory disorders, or liver impairment. The drug may cause daytime drowsiness, and activities such as driving should be avoided after use.

Use during pregnancy or breastfeeding: Temazepam is categorized as a pregnancy category X drug. It should not be used during pregnancy as it may cause harm to the fetus, including congenital malformations. Temazepam passes into breast milk and may harm a nursing baby, so its use during breastfeeding is not recommended.