Tinidazole Tablets

Generic name: Tinidazole

Drug class: Nitroimidazole antimicrobials

Dosage form: Tablets (250 mg and 500 mg)

Route of administration: Oral

Dose:

• Trichomoniasis: Single 2 g oral dose taken with food. Sexual partners should be treated simultaneously to prevent reinfection.
• Giardiasis: Adults: Single 2 g oral dose with food. Pediatric patients (over 3 years): Single 50 mg/kg oral dose (up to 2 g) with food.
• Amebiasis: Intestinal: Adults: 2 g per day for 3 days with food. Pediatric patients (over 3 years): 50 mg/kg/day (up to 2 g per day) for 3 days with food. Amebic liver abscess: Adults: 2 g per day for 3-5 days with food. Pediatric patients (over 3 years): 50 mg/kg/day (up to 2 g per day) for 3-5 days with food.
• Bacterial Vaginosis: Adult women: 2 g once daily for 2 days with food, or 1 g once daily for 5 days with food.

Mechanism of action: Tinidazole is a prodrug that, upon reduction by microbial enzymes, generates free radicals that bind to DNA, causing DNA damage and leading to cell death in susceptible organisms.

Drug usage cases:

• Treatment of trichomoniasis caused by Trichomonas vaginalis in both females and males.
• Treatment of giardiasis caused by Giardia duodenalis in adults and pediatric patients over 3 years of age.
• Treatment of intestinal amebiasis and amebic liver abscess caused by Entamoeba histolytica in adults and pediatric patients over 3 years of age.
• Treatment of bacterial vaginosis in adult women.

Drug contraindications:

• Hypersensitivity to tinidazole or other nitroimidazole derivatives.
• First trimester of pregnancy.
• Breastfeeding mothers (interruption of breastfeeding is recommended during tinidazole therapy and for 3 days following the last dose).

Side effects:

• Common: Upset stomach, nausea, dizziness, and a bitter taste in the mouth.
• Less common: Headache, fatigue, and abdominal discomfort.
• Serious: Allergic reactions such as skin rash, itching, hives, swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat; seizures; and peripheral neuropathy.

Warnings:

• Alcohol consumption during tinidazole therapy may cause a disulfiram-like reaction, including nausea, vomiting, headache, increased blood pressure, flushing, and shortness of breath.
• Use caution in patients with a history of blood disorders, liver disease, or neurological disorders.
• Monitor for signs of peripheral neuropathy during prolonged therapy.
• Not recommended for use in children under 3 years of age.

Use during pregnancy or breastfeeding:

Pregnancy: Tinidazole is contraindicated during the first trimester of pregnancy. Its safety during the second and third trimesters has not been established; therefore, it should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

Breastfeeding: Tinidazole is excreted in breast milk. Breastfeeding is not recommended during tinidazole therapy and for 3 days following the last dose to avoid potential adverse effects in the nursing infant.