Triamcinolone

Generic name: triamcinolone (oral) [ trye-am-SIN-oh-lone ]

Brand name: Aristocort

Drug class: Glucocorticoids

Dosage forms: Injectable suspension, topical cream/ointment, nasal spray, dental paste.

Route of administration: Oral, intramuscular, intradermal, topical, intranasal.

Dose: Injectable (IM): 2.5 to 100 mg based on the condition being treated. Topical: Apply thin film 2 to 4 times daily. Nasal Spray: 1 or 2 sprays in each nostril once daily (typically 55 mcg per spray).

Mechanism of action: Triamcinolone is a synthetic corticosteroid that works by reducing inflammation, suppressing immune responses, and altering the body’s response to various inflammatory conditions. It inhibits the release of inflammatory substances like histamines and prostaglandins, providing relief from swelling, redness, and allergic reactions.

Drug usage cases: Treatment of allergic conditions (e.g., asthma, allergic rhinitis), skin disorders (e.g., eczema, psoriasis), arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and systemic conditions requiring corticosteroids. Also used for nasal allergy relief (allergic rhinitis) and for managing certain oral inflammatory conditions.

Drug contraindications: Known hypersensitivity to triamcinolone or any component of the formulation. Active, untreated infections (particularly systemic fungal infections). Contraindicated for intramuscular injection in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.

Side effects: Common: Skin irritation (topical use), nasal irritation (nasal spray), headache, nausea. Serious: Increased risk of infections, adrenal suppression, vision problems (e.g., cataracts, glaucoma), severe allergic reactions, Cushing’s syndrome, and bone density loss. Rare: Severe skin reactions, delayed wound healing, psychiatric effects (e.g., mood swings, depression).

Warnings: Long-term use of triamcinolone can lead to adrenal suppression, so tapering off the drug may be necessary to avoid withdrawal symptoms. Prolonged topical use can cause skin thinning and other skin issues. Monitor for signs of systemic corticosteroid side effects, especially with long-term or high-dose therapy. Use cautiously in patients with diabetes, hypertension, or osteoporosis, as corticosteroids can exacerbate these conditions.

Use during pregnancy or breastfeeding: Use with caution during pregnancy, as corticosteroids can cross the placenta and may pose a risk to the fetus. The potential benefits should outweigh the risks. It is not known whether triamcinolone is excreted in human breast milk, so breastfeeding mothers should consult their healthcare provider before using this medication.