Triazolam

Generic name: Triazolam

Drug class: Benzodiazepines

Dosage form: Oral tablet (0.125 mg; 0.25 mg)

Route of administration: Oral

Dose:

• Adults: 0.25 mg to 0.5 mg once daily before bedtime
• Geriatric patients: 0.125 mg to 0.25 mg once daily before bedtime
• Maximum recommended dosage: 0.5 mg once daily

Mechanism of action: Triazolam enhances the inhibitory effects of the neurotransmitter GABA by binding to the allosteric benzodiazepine receptor on GABA_A receptor complexes, leading to increased neuronal inhibition and CNS depression.

Drug usage cases:

• Short-term treatment of insomnia (7 to 10 days)
• Management of circadian rhythm sleep disorders, including jet lag

Drug contraindications:

• Hypersensitivity to triazolam, other benzodiazepines, or any component of the formulation
• Concomitant use with strong cytochrome P450 3A inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole, itraconazole, nefazodone, lopinavir, ritonavir)

Side effects:

• Drowsiness
• Loss of coordination
• Dizziness
• Light-headedness
• Daytime anxiety
• Unusual changes in mood or behavior
• Confusion
• Memory loss
• Agitation
• Hallucinations
• Depression
• Suicidal thoughts
• Complex sleep-related behaviors (e.g., sleep-driving, sleep-eating, sleep-walking)

Warnings:

• Risk of respiratory depression, especially when combined with opioids or alcohol
• Potential for abuse, addiction, overdose, or death; keep out of reach of others
• Gradual tapering recommended to avoid withdrawal symptoms
• May cause residual drowsiness or dizziness; use caution when operating machinery or driving
• Not recommended for use during pregnancy due to potential risks to the fetus
• Use with caution in patients with a history of substance abuse or depression

Use during pregnancy or breastfeeding: Triazolam is classified as a Category C drug during pregnancy, indicating that risk to the fetus cannot be ruled out. It is not recommended for use during pregnancy due to potential risks, including withdrawal symptoms in the newborn. Triazolam is excreted in breast milk; therefore, breastfeeding is not recommended during treatment.