Xacduro

Generic name: Sulbactam/ Durlobactam

Drug class: Beta-lactamase inhibitors

Dosage forms: Injection

Root of administration: Intravenous infusion

Dose: 0.5g/vial, 1g/1gp per kit

Mechanism of action: Xacduro operates through a dual-action mechanism as an antibiotic treatment, combining sulbactam with durlobactam. This combination creates a powerful duo against infections caused by Acinetobacter. Sulbactam, a penicillin derivative, targets Acinetobacter by attacking it directly, leveraging its intrinsic activity against this pathogen. Durlobactam enhances this effect by inhibiting beta-lactamase enzymes that could otherwise degrade sulbactam, thereby protecting the antibiotic component and ensuring its efficacy against the bacteria.

Drug usage cases: Xacduro is a combination antibiotic injection containing sulbactam and durlobactam that may be used in adults to treat hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia (HABP) or ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia (VABP) caused by susceptible strains of Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex. Acinetobacter infections typically occur in healthcare settings, such as hospitals, with those on ventilators, with catheters, in ICU, with open surgical wounds, or with prolonged stays more at risk.

Drug contra indications: Xacduro is contraindicated for patients who have a history of severe hypersensitivity to its components or other beta-lactam antibacterial drugs. This includes reactions to sulbactam, durlobactam, or similar beta-lactam antibiotics such as carbapenems, penicillins, cephalosporins, and others. It’s important to make careful inquiries concerning previous hypersensitivity reactions to these substances before initiating therapy with Xacduro. If an allergic reaction occurs, the treatment with Xacduro should be discontinued immediately.

Side effects: The most common side effects of Xacduro from clinical trials were liver function test abnormalities, diarrhea, anemia, and hypokalemia (low potassium).

Warnings: Xacduro should not be used in patients with a known hypersensitivity to sulbactam, other beta-lactam antibiotics, durlobactam, or any other components of the injection. If an allergic reaction occurs, discontinue Xacduro. Xacduro may be associated with an increased risk of Clostridiodes difficile-associated diarrhea. Should not be used to treat infections caused by pathogens other than Acinetobacter species. Children: The safety and effectiveness of Xacduro in pediatric patients younger than 18 years of age has not been established.

Use during pregnancy or breastfeeding: There are no specific data on the use of Xacduro during pregnancy. There are no data on the presence of durlobactam in human or animal milk. Sulbactam is present in human milk in low concentrations. There are no data on the effects of Xacduro, sulbactam, or durlobactam on the breastfed infant or on milk production.